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Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Królestwo Galicji i Lodomerii House of Habsburg-Lorraine The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria was a crownland
of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria-Hungary from 1772
to 1918. This historical region in eastern Central Europe is currently
divided between Poland and Ukraine. The nucleus of historic Galicia currently
consists of the Lviv, Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk regions of western
Ukraine. In 1772, Galicia was the largest part of the area annexed by Austria
in the First Partition of Poland. As such, the Austrian region of Poland and
what was later to become Ukraine was known as the Kingdom of Galicia and
Lodomeria to underline the Hungarian claims to the country. However, after
the Third Partition of Poland, a large portion of ethnically Polish lands to
the west (New or West Galicia) was also added to the province, which changed
the geographical reference of the term, Galicia. Lviv (Lemberg) served as
capital of Austrian Galicia, which was dominated by the Polish aristocracy,
despite the fact that the population of the eastern half of the province was
mostly Ukrainian, or "Ruthenian", as they were known at the time. In
addition to the Polish aristocracy and gentry who inhabited almost all parts
of Galicia, and the Ruthenians in the east, there existed a large Jewish
population, also more heavily concentrated in the eastern parts of the
province.
During the first decades of Austrian rule, Galicia was firmly governed
from Vienna, and many significant reforms were carried out by a bureaucracy
staffed largely by Germans and Germanized Czechs. The aristocracy was
guaranteed its rights, but these rights were considerably circumscribed. The
former serfs were no longer mere chattel, but became subjects of law and were
granted certain personal freedoms, such as the right to marry without the
lord's permission. Their labour obligations were defined and limited, and
they could bypass the lords and appeal to the imperial courts for justice. The
Eastern Rite "Uniate" Church, which primarily served the
Ruthenians, was renamed the Greek Catholic Church to bring it onto a par with
the Roman Catholic Church; it was given seminaries, and eventually, a
Metropolitan. Although unpopular with the aristocracy, among the common folk,
Polish and Ukrainian/Ruthenian alike, these reforms created a reservoir of
good will toward the emperor which lasted almost to the end of Austrian rule.
At the same time, however, Austria extracted from Galicia considerable wealth
and conscripted large numbers of the peasant population into its armed
services. Demographics of the Kingdom In 1773, Galicia had about 2.6 million inhabitants in 280 cities and
markets and approx. 5,500 villages. There were nearly 19,000 noble families
with 95,000 members (about 3% of the population). The "non-free"
accounted for 1.86 million, more than 70% of the population. A small number
were full farmers, but by far the overwhelming number (84%) had only
smallholdings or no possessions. No country of the Austrian monarchy had such
a varied ethnic mix as Galicia: Poles, Ruthenians, Germans, Armenians, Jews, Hungarians, Roma
peoples, Lipowaner, etc. The Poles were mainly in the west, with the
Ruthenians predominant in the eastern region ("Ruthenia"). The Jews of Galicia had immigrated in the Middle Ages from Germany and
mostly spoke Yiddish as their first language. German-speaking people were
more commonly referred to by the region of Germany where they originated
(e.g. Saxons or Swabians). With inhabitants who had a clear difference in
language such as with the Saxons or the Roma identification was less
problematic, but widespread multilingualness blurred the borders again. It is
however possible to make a clear distinction in religious denominations: the
majority of the Poles were Latin Catholics, while the Ruthenians were mostly
Greek Catholics. The Jews, who represented the third largest religious group,
were mostly of the Orthodox variety. The average life expectancy was 27 years for men and 28.5 years for
women, as compared to 33 and 37 in Bohemia, 39 and 41 in France and 40 and 42
in England. Also the quality of life was much lower.The yearly consumption of
meat did not exceed 10 kilograms per capita, as compared to 24 kg in
Hungary and 33 in Germany. This was mostly due to much lower average income.
In 1888 Galicia had 78,550 km² of area and was populated by ca. 6.4
million people, including 4.8 million peasants (75% of the whole population).
The population density was 81 people per square kilometre and was higher than
in France (71 inhabitants/km²) or Germany.
List of the Monarchs of Galicia and
Lodomeria 1772-1918
Heads of the Habsburg Family -
since 1922
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine The House of Habsburg or Hapsburg (also known as House of Austria) was
one the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an
origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and
1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian and Spanish Empires and several other
countries. Originally from Switzerland, the dynasty first reigned in Austria,
which they ruled for over six centuries. A series of dynastic marriages
brought Burgundy, Spain, Bohemia, Hungary, and other territories into the
inheritance. In the 16th century the family separated into the senior
Habsburg Spain and the junior Habsburg Austrian branches.
As royal houses are by convention determined via the
male line, the reigning branches of the House of Habsburg became extinct in
the 18th century. The Spanish branch ended upon the death of Charles II in
1700 and was replaced by the Anjou branch of the House of Bourbon in the person
of his great-nephew Philip V. The Austrian branch became extinct in 1780 with
the death of the Empress Maria Theresa and was replaced by the Vaudemont
branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. The new
successor house styled itself as the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German:
Habsburg-Lothringen), therefore technically there is not a House of Habsburg
in the present day but only a female Habsburg line that exists in the House of Lorraine known as the
House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Titles and Styles of The Imperial and
Royal House The members of this family bear the titles
"Archduke (Archduchess) of Austria, Prince (Princess) of Hungary and
Bohemia", Prince or Princess of Galicia and Lodomeria and the style of
"Imperial and Royal Highness". Descendants of morganatic marriages,
other than those granted specific titles (e.g., the Grafen von Meran and the
Princes von Altenburg and Hohenberg) generally bear the title "Graf
(Gräfin) von Habsburg-Lothringen", or at least the surname
"Habsburg".
Genealogy of the Imperial and Royal
House Part: I
Maria Theresia, Archduchess of Austria, daughter of
Emperor Karl VI, was b.Vienna 13 May 1717; she succeeded her father as Queen
of Hungary and Bohemia and heiress of Austria on his death in 1740; she d.at
Vienna 29 Nov 1780; she had married at Vienna 12 Feb 1736 Francis Stephen,
Duke of Lorraine (Lothringen) (Lunéville 8 Dec 1708-Innsbruck 18 Aug 1765),
who in 1745 became the Emperor FRANZ I. Their issue: 1a) Marie Elisabeth Amalie Antonie Josephe Gabriele
Johanna Agathe (Vienna 5 Feb 1737-Laxenburg 7 Jun 1740)
2a) Marie Anna Josephe Antonie Johanna (Vienna 6 Oct
1738-Vienna 19 Nov 1789) 3a) Marie Caroline Ernestine Antonie Johanna Josephe
(Vienna 12 Jan 1740-Vienna 25 Jan 1741)
4a) Emperor JOSEF II Benedikt August Johann Anton
Michael Adam (Schönbrunn 13 Mar 1741-Vienna 20 Feb 1790); m.1st by proxy at
Parma 7 Sep 1760 and in person at Vienna 6 Oct 1760 Isabella Maria Pss of
Bourbon-Parma (Madrid 31 Dec 1741-Vienna 27 Nov 1763); m.2d by proxy at
Munich 13 Jan 1765 and in person at Schönbrunn 23 Jan 1765 Marie Josephe Pss
of Bavaria (Munich 30 Mar 1739-Vienna 28 May 1767) 1b) Maria Theresia (Vienna 20 Mar 1762-Vienna 23 Jan
1770) 2b) Christina (b.and d.Vienna 22 Nov 1763)
5a) Marie Christine Johanna Josephe Antonie (Vienna
13 May 1742-Vienna 24 Jun 1798); m.Vienna 8 Apr 1766 Albert Pr of Saxony,
Duke of Teschen (Moritzburg 11 Jul 1738-Vienna 10 Feb 1822)
6a) Marie Elisabeth Josephe Johanna Antonie (Vienna
13 Aug 1743-Linz 22 Sep 1808)
7a) Karl Joseph Emanuel Johann Nepomuck Anton Prokop
(Vienna 1 Feb 1745-Vienna 18 Jan 1761)
8a) Marie Amalie Josepha Johanna Antonie (Vienna 26
Feb 1746-Prague 18 Jun 1804); m.by proxy at Vienna 27 Jun 1769 and in person
at Colorno 19 Jul 1769 Ferdinando, Duke of Parma (Parma 20 Jan 1851-Fontevivo
9 Oct 1802)
9a) Emperor Peter LEOPOLD II Joseph (Schönbrunn 5
May 1747-Vienna 1 Mar 1792), succeeded his brother, Emperor Joseph II, on 20
Feb 1790; he m.by proxy at Madrid 16 Feb 1764 and in person at Innsbruck 5
Aug 1765 Maria Luisa Infanta of Spain (Naples 24 Nov 1745-Vienna 15 May 1792) 1b) Maria Theresia Josephe Charlotte Johanna
(Florence 14 Jan 1767-Leipzig 7 Nov 1827); m.by proxy at
Florence 8 Sep 1787 and in person at Dresden 18 Oct 1787 King Anton of Saxony
(Dresden 27 Dec 1755-Pillnitz 6 Jun 1836) 2b) Emperor FRANZ II Joseph Karl, who in 1806
abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor and became Emperor FRANZ of Austria,
(Florence 12 Feb 1768-Vienna 2 Mar 1835); m.1st Vienna 6 Jan 1788 Elisabeth
Dss of Württemberg (Treptow 21 Apr 1767-Vienna 18 Feb 1790); m.2d by proxy at
Naples 15 Aug 1790 and in person at Vienna 19 Sep 1790 Maria Teresa Pss of
Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Naples 6 Jun 1772-Vienna 13 Apr 1807); m.3d Vienna 6
Jan 1808 Maria Ludowika Archdss of Austia-Este (Monza 14 Dec 1787-Verona 7
Apr 1816); m.4th by proxy at Munich 29 Oct 1816 and in person at Vienna 10
Nov 1816 Caroline Auguste Pss of Bavaria (Mannheim 8 Feb 1792-Vienna 9 Feb
1873) 1c) Ludovika Elisabeth Franziska (Vienna 18 Feb
1790-Vienna 24 Jun 1791)
2c) Marie Louise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia
Josepha Lucia, Dss of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla 1814-1847 (Vienna 12 Dec
1791-Vienna 17 Dec 1847); m.1st by proxy at Vienna 11 Mar 1810 and in person
(civ) at St.Cloud 1 Apr 1810 (rel) at the Louvre 2 Apr 1810 Napoléon I,
Emperor of the French (Ajaccio 15 Aug 1769-St.Helena 5 May 1821); m.2d Parma
7 Sep 1821 Adam Adalbert Gf von Neipperg (Vienna 8 Apr 1775-Parma 22 Feb
1829); m.3d Parma 17 Feb 1834 Cte Charles de Bombelles (Versailles 6 Nov
1785- Versailles 30 May 1856) 3c) FERDINAND I Karl Leopold Joseph Franz Marcelin,
Emperor of Austria from the death of his father until his abdication 2 Dec
1848 (Vienna 19 Apr 1793-Prague 29 Jun 1875); m.Vienna 27 Feb 1831 Maria Anna
Pss of Savoy (Rome 19 Sep 1803-Prague 4 May 1884) 4c) Marie Caroline Leopoldine Franziska Theresia
Josepha Medarde (Vienna 8 Jun 1794-Vienna 16 Mar 1795) 5c) Caroline Ludovika Leopoldine (Vienna 9 Dec
1795-Schloß Hetzendorf 30 Jun 1799)
6c) Maria Leopoldina Josepha Caroline (Vienna 22 Jan
1797-Rio de Janeiro 11 Dec 1826); m.by proxy at Vienna 13 May 1817 and in
person at Rio de Janeiro 5 Nov 1817 Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil [later, King
Pedro IV of Portugal (Queluz 12 Oct 1798-Queluz 24 Sep 1834)
7c) Marie Clementine Franziska Josepha (Vienna 1 Mar
1798-Château de Chantilly 3 Sep 1881); m.Schönbrunn 28 Jul 1816 Leopoldo Pr of
Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Pr di Salerno (Naples 2 Jul 1790-Naples 10 Mar 1851) 8c) Joseph Franz Leopold (Vienna 9 Apr
1799-Laxenburg 30 Jun 1807)
9c) Marie Caroline Ferdinande Theresia Josephine
Demetria (Vienna 8 Apr 1801-Dresden 22 May 1832); m.by proxy at Vienna 26 Sep
1819 and in person at Dresden 7 Oct 1819 King Friedrich August II of Saxony
(Dresden 18 May 1797-Brennbuchel 9 Aug 1854.
10c) Franz Karl Joseph (Vienna 7 Dec 1802-Vienna 8
Mar 1878); he renounced his succession rights 1848; m.Vienna 4 Nov 1824
Sophie Pss of Bavaria (Munich 27 Jan 1805-Vienna 28 May 1872) 1d) FRANZ JOSEPH Karl, Emperor of Austria 2 Dec 1848 (Schönbrunn 18
Aug 1830-Schönbrunn 21 Nov 1916); m.Vienna 24 Apr 1854 Elisabeth Dss in
Bavaria (Munich 24 Dec 1837-assassinated at Geneva 10 Sep 1898) . 1e) Sophie
Friederike Dorothea Maria Josepha (Vienna 5 Mar 1855-Buda 29 May 1857) 2e) Gisela
Louise Marie (Laxenburg 12 Jul 1856-Munich 27 Jul 1932); m.Vienna 20 Apr 1875
Leopold Pr of Bavaria (Munich 9 Feb 1846-Munich 28 Sep 1930)
3e) Rudolf Franz Karl Joseph, Crown Prince of
Austria (Laxenburg 21 Aug 1858-committed suicide at Mayerling 30 Jan 1889);
m.Vienna 10 May 1881 Stephanie Pss of Belgium (Laeken 21 May
1864-Pannonhalma, Hungary 23 Aug 1945) 1f)
Elisabeth Marie Henriette Stephanie Gisela (Laxenburg 2 Sep 1883-
Vienna-Hütteldorf 22 Mar 1963); m.1st Vienna 23 Jan 1902 (div 1924) Otto Pr
zu Windisch-Grätz (Graz 7 Oct 1873-Lugano 25 Dec 1952); m.2d Vienna 4 May
1948 Leopold Petznek (Bruck an der Leitha 30 Jun 1881-Vienna 27 Jul 1956) 4e) Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie (Buda 22 Apr
1868-Schloß Wallsee 6 Sep 1924); m.Ischl 31 Jul 1890 Franz Salvator Archduke
of Austria (Altmünster 21 Aug 1866-Vienna 20 Apr 1939) 2d) Ferdinand Maximilian, b.Vienna 6 Jul 1832,
became Emperor Maximilian of Mexico 10 Apr 1864 but was ousted by
revolutionaries and executed at Queretaro, Mexico 19 Jun 1867; m.Brussels 27
Jul 1857 Charlotte Pss of Belgium (Laeken 7 Jun 1840-Château de Bouchout,
Belgium 19 Jan 1927) 3d) Karl Ludwig (Schönbrunn 30 Jul 1833-Vienna 19
May 1896); m.1st Dresden 4 Nov 1856 Margaretha Pss of Saxony (Dresden 24 May
1840-Monza 15 Sep 1858); m.2d by proxy at Rome 16 Oct 1862 and in person at
Venice 21 Oct 1862 Maria Annunciata Pss of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Caserta 24
Mar 1843-Vienna 4 May 1871); m.3d Kleinheubach 23 Jul 1873 Maria Teresa Infanta
of Portugal (Kleinheubach 24 Aug 1855-Vienna 12 Feb 1944) . 1e) Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Joseph, who became
heir presumptive to the Imperial Throne on the death of his cousin, the Crown
Prince Rudolf, in 1889 (Graz 18 Dec 1863-assassinated at Sarajevo 28 Jun
1914); m.(morganatically) at Reichstadt, Bohemia 1 Jul 1900 Sophie Gfn Chotek
von Chotkowa, who was in 1905 cr Herzogin von Hohenberg (Durchlaucht)
(Stuttgart 1 Mar 1868-assassinated at Sarajevo 28 Jun 1914); their issue bear
the titles Fürst[in] von Hohenberg (Durchlaucht), except the head of the
house, who is Herzog von Hohenberg 1f) Sophie Marie Franziska Antonia
Ignatia Alberta (Konopischt 24 Jul 1901-Thannhausen 27 Oct 1990); m.Tetschen
8 Sep 1920 Friedrich Gf von Nostitz-Rieneck (Prague 1 Nov 1893-Graz 29 Dec
1973) see: Dukes
of Hohenberg - House of Hohenberg
2e) Otto Franz Joseph Karl Ludwig Maria (Graz 21 Apr
1865-Vienna 1 Nov 1906); m.Dresden 2 Oct 1886 Maria Josepha Pss of Saxony
(Dresden 31 May 1867-Schloß Wildenwart, Upper Bavaria 28 May 1944)
1f) KARL, Emperor of Austria on the death of his
great-uncle, Emperor Franz Josef, in 1916, until he fled the country in
1918/9; b.Persenbeug 17 Aug 1887, d.Funchal, Madeira 1 Apr 1922; m.Schwarzau
am Steinfelde 21 Oct 1911 Zita Pss of Bourbon-Parma (Villa Pianore 9 May
1892-Zizers 14 Mar 1989) 1g) Franz Joseph
OTTO Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig
Gaetan Pius Ignatius, relinquished status as head of house to his son Karl
2007 (Villa Wartholz bei Reichenau, Lower Austria 20 Nov 1912-Pöcking 4 Jul
2011); m.Nancy 10 May 1951 Regina Pss of Saxe-Meiningen (Würzburg 6 Jan
1925-Pöcking 3 Feb 2010) 1h) Andrea
Maria, b.Würzburg 30 May 1953; m.(civ) Pöcking, Upper Bavaria 9 Jul 1977
(rel) 30 Jul 1977 Karl Eugen Erbgf von Neipperg (b.Schwaigern 20 Oct 1951) 2h) Monika Maria Roberta Antonia Raphaela, b.Würzburg 13 Sep 1954; m.Pöcking 21 Jun 1980
Don Luis Gonzaga de Casanova-Cárdenas y Barón Duque de Santangelo Marqués de Elche Cde de Lodosa (b.Madrid 24 Apr
1950)
3h) Michaela Maria Madeleine Kiliana Elisabeth,
b.Würzburg 13 Sep 1954; m.1st (civ) 12 Jul 1982 (rel) Anton, Panama 14 Jan
1984 (div 1993) Eric Alba Teran d'Antin (Mexico City 21 May 1920-New York 9
Jul 2004 [acc to internet reports, not confirmed); m.2d 22 Oct 1994 (div
1998) Hubertus Gf von Kageneck (b.Haus Blumenscheidt bei Wittlich 10 Aug
1940)
4h) Gabriela Maria Charlotte Felicitas Elisabeth
Antonia, b.Luxemburg 14 Oct 1956; m.(civ) Pöcking 30 Aug 1978 (rel) St.Odile
5 Sep 1978 (div 1997) Christian Meister (b.Starnberg 1 Sep 1954)
5h) Walburga Maria Franziska Helene Elisabeth,
b.Berg am Starnberger See 5 Oct 1958; m.Budapest 5 Dec 1992 Carl Axel
Archibald Gf Douglas (b.Stockholm 27 Nov 1949)
6h) KARL Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg
Bahnam, b.Starnberg 11 Jan 1961; m.Mariazell 31 Jan 1993 (civ) Salzburg 6 Feb
1993 Bss Francesca von Thyssen-Bornemisza (b.Lausanne 7 Jun 1958) 1i) Eleonore Jelena
Maria del Pilar Iona,
b.Salzburg 28 Feb 1994 2i) Ferdinand Zvonimir Maria Balthus Keith Michal Otto Antal Bahnam Leonhard, b.Salzburg 21 Jun 1997 3i) Gloria Maria Bogdana Paloma
Regina Fiona Gabriela, b.Salzburg 15 Oct 1999 |
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